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Enregistrement individuel de : Gadelia Robinov (masculin)

Note :

RECHITSA is a small oil-producing town, 350 km (220 miles) south of the capital Minsk, Belarus.

A city in Gomel oblast, Belorussian SSR Rechitsa had one of the oldest Jewish communities in Belorussia. In 1648 the rampaging Cossacks murdered many of its Jews. The Jewish population in 1766 numbered 133, increasing to 1,268 in 1800 (two - thirds of the total population), and 2,080 in 1847. The city was a center for Habad Hasidism, whose theological doctrine stress the relationship between God and man. At the end of the 19th century Rechitsa had a yeshivah and was the residence of the hasidic leader, R. Shalom Dov Ber Schneersohn. In 1897 the 5,334 Jews of Rechitsa constituted 57% of the population. In October 1905 the peasants of the surrounding area participated in a pogrom which killed more than 50 Jews, among them members of the Jewish self - defense force. On the eve of World War I the Jewish population numbered about 7,500. Jewish communal and religious life began to decline under Soviet rule. In 1926 there were 7,386 Jews. On November 25, 1941, the Nazi invaders murdered about 3,000 Jews who had remained in the city. A few Jews returned after the war.

Today you will no longer see any visible signs of past Jewish presence in Rechitsa. They have not been preserved in the names of streets, squares or public gardens, there are no memorial plaques or monuments in public places. In this, Rechitsa is no different from the other small and mediumsize Belorussian towns which used to have rich Judaic traditions and were deprived of their distinct identity by the Soviet national policy. Synagogues, prayer houses and yeshivas, heders, secular Jewish schools and cultural establishments in the town and its environs were outlawed. Private Jewish trade and handicraft businesses meeting the demand of their Belorussian neighbors were nationalized by the Bolsheviks as part of their effort for a "more just world order".

Today there are 450 Jews in Rechitsa. At least 300 of them are elderly people.

1 January 2000 : The territory of Belarus is divided into 6 regions (oblasts) - the Brest, Vitebsk, Gomel, Grodno, Mogilev and Minsk regions, and 118 districts (rayons).


Courtesy of: "Encyclopedia Judaica" ©1972, Keter Publishing House Jerusalem Ltd Jerusalem, Israel

See, Jewish Addresses in Rechitsa by Leonid Smilovistsky, Ph.D., Diaspora Research Institute of Tel Aviv Uninversity
http://www.jewishgen.org/Belarus/newsletter/Rechista.pdf


THE RECHITSA POGROM (October 1905):

See, http://www.jewishgen.org/Belarus/newsletter/rechitsa_pogrom.htm

The October 21-24, 1905 Rechitsa pogrom was not an isolated episode. It became an additional factor in the general disillusionment of the Belorussian Jews as they assessed their future in Russia. The unwillingness and inability of the Tzarist regime to evolve into a constitutional government and to ensure equality before the law and equal economic opportunities for all the peoples in the country had become evident. The result was unprecedented Jewish emigration.

In 1904-1905 the number of Jews who emigrated to the United States alone was 92,383, or 50% of the total number of emigrants, and in 1905-1906, Jewish emigrants numbered 125,234, or 85% of the total. If one takes into account those who left for Argentina, Canada, Palestine, and other countries, this number would be doubled. See.V. Gornberg, Emigratsiia I immigratsiia (Emigration and immigration) (Vilna, 1907), Table 1; S. Fornberg, Evreiskaia emigratsiia (The Jewish emigration) (St. Petersberg, 1908).

Note :

ELLIS ISLAND SHIP MANIFESTS: 1910-1923
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Sep 25, 1910 (departed September 13, 1910, port of Libau to NY, "The Lituania")

0023. Pekurowsky, Morduch M 17y S Russia, Hebrew Choniki, Russia (Sam Baker)

Notations: To visit his "Uncle L. Cohen, 550-552 Maxwell Street, Chicago, Ill.". "5' 5", light complexion, black hair, gray eyes".
Louis Cohen was the husband of Gertrude Baker, Jacob's younger sister. Gertrude was the first emigree and settled in Chicago.
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April 14, 1913 (departed April 1, 1913, port of Libau to NY, "The Czar")

0004. Racinow, Reise F 42 M Russia Reshitza, Russia (Raisel Robinov)
0005. Rabinow, Frsim 16 S Russia Reshitza, Russia (Frank Robinov)
0006. Rabinow, Wulf 13 S Russia Reshitza, Russia (William Robinov)
0007. Rabinow, Boruch 8 S Russia Reshitza, Russia (Ben Robinov)
0008. Rabinow, Fanie 11 S Russia Reshitza, Russia (Fay Robinov)
0020. Pekurowsky, Itzko 17 S Russia Chmiky, Russia (Max Baker)

Max Baker (a/k/a Itzko Pekurowsky) sailed on the same ship as his Aunt Raisel Robinov and his 4 cousins; "The Czar" departed port Libau and arrived in NY on April 14, 1913. Notation on manifest listed "Gadelia Rabinow" as Raisel's husband-spelling her name on the manifest as "Reise Racinow". 702 Bay Street, New York, New York.

Max, described as a Tailor, listed his father "Sam Pekurowsky" as relative living in "Minsk gub." and that Max's declared final destination was to visit his brother "Sam Baker" who apparently lived in Gary, Indiana at that time in April 1913. We know that Max initially settled in NY and later moved to Chicago for a job change with the shoe company, Florsheim.
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Aug 26, 1913 (departed August 9, 1913, port of Departure, Triest, to NY, "The Alice")

0019. Pekurowski, Tznig M 27y M Russian, Hebrew Chojiniki, Russia (Nathan Baker)

Notations are somewhat confusing but confirm that this represents the manifest for Nathan Baker. It lists him by name on line 19 but the notation on line 18 lists "Jackob Becker" as "cousin" and that "Tznig" was 5 ' 10". We know that Nathan was the tallest offspring of Jacob and Leah Esther and was certainly taller than 5' 5"; most of the Baker brothers were about 5' 5". He had $50 at time of arrival. Listed as "farm labor". Nathan was separated from his wife and children from 8/9/1913 to ca. 1/27/1923- approximately 9 years 6 months.
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Sep 19, 1913 (departed Liverpool port on the "The Lusitania", September 13, 1913; Built for Cunard Line, British flag, in 1907 and named Lusitania. Liverpool-New York service. Torpedoed and sunk off the Irish coast; 1,198 lost in 1915.)

0007. Blumin, Simon M 39y M Russia, Hebrew Reczitza, Russia

Notation: Simon was separated from his children from 9/13/1913 to 9/ 2/1922, nearly 9 years.
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Jun 23, 1922 (departed June 17, 1922, sailing from Southampton to NY, "S.S. "The Mauretania")

0008. Pekurovsky, Jankel M 69y W Russia, Hebrew Minsk, Russia (Jacob Moshe Baker)
0009. Pekurovsky, Simcha M 22y S Russia, Hebrew Minsk, Russia (Sydney a/k/a Sam Baker)
0010. Pekurovsky, Herstel M 17y S Russia, Hebrew Minsk, Russia (Harry Baker)

Note: ship manifest corroborates Joel Baker's written recollection from his father, Harry Baker.
Joining relatives: Max Baker, Samuel Baker, (sons of Jankel, brothers of Sam and Harry), 128 E. 113th Street, New York.
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September 2, 1922 (departed August 26, 1922, Southampton to NY, S.S. "The Mauretania")

0017. Blumin, Aron M 18y S Russia, Hebrew Retchiza, Russia (Harry Blumin)
0018. Blumin, Rosa F 22y S Russia, Hebrew Retchiza, Russia (Rose Blumin)
0019. Blumin, Evsei M 16y S Russia, Hebrew Retchiza, Russia (Isador "Irving" Blumin)
0020. Blumin, Borris M 16y S Russia, Hebrew Retchiza, Russia (Benjamin David Blumin)
0021. Blumin, Moische M 11y S Russia, Hebrew Retchiza, Russia (Morris Blumin)

Notation: Simon Blumin is listed as Father, residing in Tompkinsville, NY.
Simon was separated from his children from 9/13/1913 to 9/2/1922, nearly 9 years.
Isador and Ben listed as same age; Irving was a year older.
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January 27, 1923 (departed January 16, 1923 Antwerp port to NY, "The Kroonland")

0020. Pekarowska, Dina F 32y M Polish, Hebrew Jurewicze, Russia (Dina Baker)
0021. Pekarowska, Doba F 14y S Polish, Hebrew Jurewicze, Russia (Dorothy Baker)
0022. Pekarowska, Samuel M 12y S Russian, Hebrew Jurewicze, Russia (Sam Baker)
0023. Pekarowska, Heura Miza F 10y S Polish, Hebrew Jurewicze, Russia (Henrietta Baker)
0024. Pekarowska, Abram M 8y S Polish, Hebrew Jurewicze, Russia (Abraham Baker)

Notation: Nathan Baker was separated from his wife and children from 8/9/1913 to ca. 1/27/1923- approximately 9 years 6 months.
For Nathan's first son Sam Baker, records show "Samuel Pekarowska" appeared on first manifest, to be traveling with his Mom, Dina, and 4 siblings on January 27, 1923 using name Samuel Pekarowska, the ship was the Kroonlnad. He was quarantined and crossed off this list. We know from Dorothy's tape that her younger brother Sam was quarantined and the ship manifest revealed that he was reunited with his family in about 6 days.
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February 2, 1923 (departed January 23, 1923 Antwerp port to NY, "Manchuria")

Sam, Nathan's child, again appears on Feb. 2, 1923 manifest arrival listing, as "Szmul- 11 years old" (ship Manchuria departing Antwerp on January 23, 1923) using name Schmul Pekurowski. Thus, there are 2 records for the child Sam Baker. His father is listed as "Natan Beeker, Tompkinsville, NY."

0021. Pekurowski, Schmul M 13y S Russia, Hebrew Jurowicz, Russia
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